Renewing Democracy in an Era of Globalisation: Negative and Positive Integration

In his essay, the author refers to Jan Tinbergen and distinguishes positive from negative globalisation. Negative globalisation has been happening for the last two decades and is characterized by elimination of borders and bypassing the established regulation. This process hasn't been accompanied by new regulation on a global level. In this way, democratic theory had to face the challenge of positive globalisation and building of new forms of responsibility, regulation and orientation of values. In order to rediscover democracy, it is necessary to call for pragmatic utopian realism. The author continues by presenting the overview of the different models of global democracy that are situated in different settings and are placed at different levels of political realism and achievability. Still, because of the unilateral action of the USA, this pragmatic utopian realism is of no real importance and it is only European Union and transnational political movements that can stand up against it.